Automatic control method of generating sub-systems and sub-system arbitration from the deconstruction of a complex equipment graph

ABSTRACT

Apparatuses, systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for organizing automatic control in automation systems from a system description, using deconstruction of complex equipment graphs. A system control scheme is automatically generated from a deconstruction of an equipment graph into controllable sets of prioritized sub-systems. An equipment graph comprises one or more subsystems of equipment. Prioritized sub-systems comprise a unique routing path through an equipment graph. Prioritized sub-systems comprise the ability to be actuated and are divided into groups of sub-system sets. Groups of sub-system sets comprise synchronous and asynchronous sets and are created for conjoined routing paths of parallel sub-systems.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to control of building systems usingautomated means. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to anautomated method of deconstructing a graph representing building systemsequipment and connections into sub-systems. The present disclosureparticularly addresses the control and automation of HVAC, energy,lighting, irrigation systems, and the like.

BACKGROUND

Modern buildings contain a varied and complex set of systems formanaging and maintaining the building environment. Building automationsystems are used to automate the control of many separate systems, suchas those used for lighting, climate, security, entertainment, etc.Building automation systems can perform a number of functions, such asautomation of equipment scheduling, monitoring of various buildingparameters, optimization of resource consumption, event or alarmreporting and handling, and many others.

Building automation system implementation requires programmaticunderstanding of what equipment is available to the building automationsystem and how that equipment may be utilized. For example, the buildingautomation system needs to account for information such as whatequipment can be run simultaneously, what groups of equipment worktogether to achieve a particular objective, etc. Automatic discovery ofthis information is challenging with current methodologies.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a method of automatically decomposing acomplex graph of connected equipment into equipment sub-systems for thepurpose of automatic labeling of automatable systems, sub-system, andthe equipment therein for machine-driven control. Further the presentdisclosure relates to user interfaces that allow a user to draw a graphof equipment having n-complexity and n-number of routing paths, anddecompose that drawing into a controllable system of atomic sub-systemsautomatically.

The present disclosure describes a method for the decomposition ofsub-systems to automatically infer controllability, ranking,prioritization, and analyzing the sub-systems to identify those that areunique and complete, categorizing sub-systems into synchronous groups(in which only a single sub-system can operate at a time), andasynchronous groups (in which more than one sub-system can operatesimultaneously).

The present disclosure details how building automation system wouldautomatically provide semantic labeling for the sub-system and itsequipment for retrieval during an analytic stage.

The present disclosure also relates to the automatic reduction of statespace in a n-complexity graph of equipment. By using the semanticlabeling together with the deconstructed set of meaningful sub-systems,the meaningful control state space of the system can be derived.

There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the features of thedisclosure in order that the detailed description thereof that followsmay be better understood and in order that the present contribution tothe art may be better appreciated.

Numerous objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure willbe readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon a readingof the following detailed description of presently preferred, butnonetheless illustrative, embodiments of the present disclosure whentaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The disclosure iscapable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out invarious ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology andterminology employed herein are for the purpose of descriptions andshould not be regarded as limiting.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the artthat any arrangement, which is calculated to achieve the same purpose,may be substituted for the specific embodiment shown. This applicationis intended to cover any adaptions or variations of the presentdisclosure.

This section summarizes some aspects of the present disclosure andbriefly introduces some preferred embodiments. Simplifications oromissions in this section as well as in the abstract or the title ofthis description may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of thissection, the abstract, and the title. Such simplifications or omissionsare not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure nor implyany limitations.

Several advantages of one or more aspects of the present disclosureinclude but are not limited to: to generate a system control schemeautomatically from a complex equipment graph; to decompose automaticallythe equipment graph into sub-system sets, where the decompositionenables the generation of a system control scheme; to enable automaticsemantic reasoning about the generation of said system control schemefrom the decomposition, thereby enabling more efficient generation ofthe control scheme as well as increasing human reasoning of the controlscheme generation process; to automatically select valid and uniqueequipment sub-systems from said decomposition, thereby reducing thecontrol scheme search space so as to increase control path searchefficiency; to enable automatic prioritization of sub-systems, therebyenabling the generation of a system control scheme that responds tosystem preferences and priorities; to classify automatically sub-systemsas either asynchronous or synchronous, thereby enabling the generationof a control scheme that responds to precedence and sequential operationlimitations of particular equipment and sets of equipment. Otheradvantages of one or more aspects of the disclosed method will beapparent from consideration of the following drawings and description.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

To further clarify various aspects of some example embodiments of thepresent disclosure, a more particular description of the disclosure willbe rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that areillustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that thedrawings depict only illustrated embodiments of the disclosure and aretherefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The disclosurewill be described and explained with additional specificity and detailthrough the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 Base sub-system structure;

FIG. 2 Transport class detail;

FIG. 3 An example system model;

FIG. 4 Permutations of the example system model;

FIG. 5 Example system model with sub-system overlay;

FIG. 6 Decomposition of example system model classification into groups;

FIG. 7 Decomposition of an arbitrary system into groups with priorities;

FIG. 8 Graphical user interface and deconstructed sub-system graph;

FIG. 9 An embodiment of a graphical user interface drawing device; and

FIG. 10 An embodiment of semantic analytics.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

The following conventions are used for reference numerals: the firstdigit indicates the figure in which the numbered part first appears (thefirst two digits are used for the figure number when required). Theremaining digits are used to identify the part in the drawing.

-   301 solar thermal hot water panel-   302 heating source-   303 transport-   304 transport-   305 store (virtual heat source)-   306 mixer-   307 transport-   308 load/system head-   309 router-   310 router-   311 cooling source-   401 valid sub-system column-   402 invalid sub-system column-   403 duplicate sub-system column-   501 sub-system 1-   502 sub-system 2-   503 sub-system 3-   504 sub-system 4-   505 sub-system 5

DESCRIPTION

The embodiments of the present disclosure described below are notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the preciseforms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, theembodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the artmay appreciate and understand the principles and practices of thepresent disclosure.

The following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, which areincorporated into and form part of this disclosure, illustrateembodiments of the disclosure and together with the description, serveto explain the principles of the disclosure. To the accomplishment ofthe foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects of thedisclosure are described herein in connection with the followingdescription and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative,however of, but a few of the various ways in which the principles of thedisclosure can be employed and the subject disclosure is intended toinclude all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages andnovel features of the disclosure will become apparent from the followingdetailed description of the disclosure when considered in conjunctionwith the drawings.

Explanation will be made below with reference to the aforementionedfigures for illustrative embodiments concerning the present invention.

The present disclosure describes a method of decomposing a system ofinterconnected equipment into various sets of equipment comprisingvarious sub-systems. The basic structure of such a sub-system 100 isshown in FIG. 1. A sub-system 100 comprises: an input 102, or a sourceof the relevant resource; a transport 104, whereby said relevantresource is transported; and an output 106, or sink of said relevantresource. For example, in one embodiment, a sub-system 100 may have asan input 102 a heating source, a water pump as a transport 104, and anoutput 106 of a hot water storage tank. The transport 104 moves waterfrom the heating source to the output 106 hot water storage tank.

In various embodiments, an equipment sub-system 100 transport 104 mayuse various means. As shown in FIG. 2, in one embodiment, the transport104 may be controlled 202 and either looped 206 or non-looped 208; orpassive 204, and may use either convection 210 or line-pressure 212 as ameans of transport 104. The transport element 104 of a sub-system 100may consist of one or multiple transport devices 104.

FIG. 3 shows an example embodiment of a graphical representation of asystem 300 of interconnected equipment. In this embodiment, theload/system head 308 connects via transport 307 into store 305. From thestore 305, transport paths exist to a cooling source 311 or to load 308,via mixer 306. The illustrated system 300 also contains loops betweenstore 305 through heating source 302 with an explicit transport 303, aswell as between store 305 and solar thermal hot-water panel 301 with anexplicit transport 304.

A sub-system is classified as synchronous when said sub-system routingpaths are conjoined in an manner that only one sub-system may operate ata time; and a sub-system is classified as asynchronous when saidsub-system routing paths are conjoined in a manner that two or moresub-systems may operate at the same time.

The decomposition process of a system may be accomplished by recognizingand extracting sub-systems from the system graph. Sub-system reductionto atomic sub-systems having a known equipment topology enable a machinelearning engine to reason about the system and control the system in auniform expected manner. (FIG. 4). A sub-system may be defined asstarting at a source and ending at a sink. Resources are capable ofsupplying one or multiple sinks. Transports may split into multiplepaths to other transports or multiple outputs and each path may beidentified as a branch. Branches may be classified into one or multiplesynchronous or asynchronous sub-systems. The process may also enforcespecified design rules for sub-system and component recognition andextraction.

The decomposition process may also recognize characteristics of orrelationships between sub-systems, such as deriving sub-system or branchtype. The process may identify the sub-system as either synchronous orasynchronous based on the equipment and sub-system characteristics andcapabilities. The process may also identify sub-systems with attributeslike priority and precedence. For example, sub-systems may be organizedin asynchronous and synchronous groups.

The process may also organize the whole deconstructed graph of systems,sub-systems, and equipment into structured maps, trees, or sets whichcan represent unions based on asynchronous and synchronous groups, orother characteristics.

Application of the methodology may yield sets of equipment thatconstitute the various sub-systems in the given system. FIG. 4illustrates some of the equipment sub-systems that may be recognized,analyzed, and derived using the method described above from the examplesystem in FIG. 3 (note that not all possible sub-systems are shown, forease of illustration and readability). Individual pieces of equipmentare represented as circles, containing the reference numeral of thecorresponding piece of equipment. An individual sub-system isrepresented by a column 401, 402, 403 of equipment pieces. Sub-systemsthat are not faded or crossed out, such as column 401, are thosesub-systems resulting from the decomposition process that are bothunique and complete. Sub-systems that are faded and crossed out with asolid line, such as column 402, are those sub-systems that wereidentified in the decomposition process as being incomplete, forexample, not having the required equipment as required in FIG. 3.Sub-systems that are faded and crossed out with a dashed line, such ascolumn 403, are those sub-systems that were identified in thedecomposition process as a duplicate system.

Having executed the decomposition process, the sub-systems comprising aparticular system may be classified. FIG. 5 shows the example systemfrom FIG. 3 with all complete and unique sub-systems 501, 502, 503, 504,505 overlaid on the system diagram.

As part of the decomposition process, sub-systems may be classified aseither asynchronous or synchronous. FIG. 6 illustrates how the fiveunique, complete subsystems 501, 502, 503, 504, 505 derived from thewhole system illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 are classified. As shown,sub-systems 501 and 502 are asynchronous, and may be run simultaneously.Sub-systems 503, 504, and 505 are synchronous and must be run one at atime.

A controlled system 702 may have any number of groups of sub-systems 706representing any number and variety of characteristics. An illustrationof one embodiment of how equipment sub-systems 706 may be grouped 704and classified is shown in FIG. 7. A Sub-system 706 may belong to one ormultiple groups 704 a-n. For example, in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 7 sub-system 2 belongs to both an asynchronous group 704 a and asynchronous group 704 b.

A controlled system 500 having multiple sub-systems 501, 502, 503, 504,505 can further be deconstructed in such a way that the equipment orsystem states required to initialize the sub-system 501, 502, 503, 504,505 are pre-computed. An embodiment is shown in FIG. 5, where the pathrouting devices 310, 306, 309 (in this case valves) are pre-computed foreach of the 5 sub-systems 501, 502, 503, 504, 505 shown, reducing themanaged state space. A controller thus knows the necessary startingstate before performing a control action heuristic on the remaining andsmaller state space.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is for the purpose ofsemantic extraction. By decomposing systems into atomic sub-systemscomprising the necessary components of source, sink, and transport, acontrol system may automatically control and manage these systemcomponents in a rule-based way. The controller may also apply meaning toa sub-system by means of classification or rule tables. Theseclassifications and/or rules may be used to generate semantics for thesystem, the sub-systems, and the constituent parts. An embodiment can beseen in FIG. 5, wherein sub-system 501 may be labeled as a “solarsub-system” based on the resource of its source component. In anotherembodiment, the same sub-system 501 may be labeled as a“heat-to-storage” system classification, based on its producer consumerpurpose. In another embodiment, it may be labeled as a “heating system”,based on the classification of its sub-system 501. Many embodiments ofsemantic labeling are possible given a rule-based deconstruction ofatomic sub-systems from a graph.

A graphical user interface 802 may be used to input or drive thecreation of an equipment graph 804, such that an electronic devicehaving a screen may be used to automatically deconstruct a controllablesystem from the graphical representation 802 of the controllable system,the equipment objects, sets, priority, and their relationships. Anembodiment of such a device can be seen in FIG. 8. Other methods may beused, such as importing a HVAC, mechanical, architectural, and/orengineering drawings or files.

In some graphical user interface 802 embodiments having an electronicdisplay, a user may drag and drop or instantiate equipment objects froman equipment object library 902 into a system drawing 904 on a drawingscreen 906, either on a touchscreen, cursor driven input device, orother means. An embodiment can be seen in FIG. 9. Or the user can alsocreate new equipment objects through drawing from fundamentals.

These drawings 904, made in situ or a-priori, can be disaggregated usingthe above methods into a graph 804 of sub-systems, priority, sub-systemsynchronicity, labeling, and the underlying control knowledge requiredto control the system in an unsupervised manner. An embodiment can beseen in FIG. 8, showing a hierarchal graph 804 of sub-systems.

These deconstructed graphs 804 of sub-system 1002 and their semanticlabeling 1004 can be used to generate automatic analytics 1008, 1010,1012, 1014 as in the embodiment in FIG. 10. In some embodiments thegraphical display 1000 of equipment state and sensor values may begraphed in a time series labeled from the automated semantic extraction1004 from the sub-systems 1002. Some embodiments of semantic labeling1004 may take the form of a sub-system labeling 1004 by system purpose.In some embodiments, the system purpose may be extracted from its sourceequipment label, source-sink label, source-transport-sink label, theclassified family of sub-system defined by those atomic attributes,and/or any other extracted attributes, labels, classifications, or otheridentifiers of its constituent equipment.

In some embodiments, the sub-system semantics 1004 may provide analyticdisplay or graph grouping of equipment automatically, as in theembodiment in FIG. 10. In addition, as is shown in FIG. 10 suchautomatic labeling 1004 can correlate equipment actions 1012 and systemactions 1008 with the corresponding sub-system 1004 without requiringmanual programming.

The foregoing disclosure describes some possible embodiments of thisinvention, with no indication of preference to the particularembodiment. A skilled practitioner of the art will find alternativeembodiments readily apparent from the previous drawings and discussionand will acknowledge that various modifications can be made withoutdeparture from the scope of the invention disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: automatically generating asystem control scheme from a deconstruction of an equipment graph intocontrollable sets of prioritized sub-systems, wherein: the equipmentgraph comprises one or more sub-systems of equipment of the prioritizedsub-systems; the prioritized sub-systems comprise a unique routing paththrough the equipment graph; the prioritized sub-systems comprise theability to be actuated; the prioritized sub-systems are divided intogroups of sub-system sets; the groups of sub-system sets comprise atleast one synchronous set and at least one asynchronous set; and thegroups of sub-system sets are created for each conjoined routing path ofparallel sub-systems of the prioritized sub-systems.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the sub-systems are given a priority and sub-systems ofthe at least one synchronous set are ranked for control precedence bythe given priority.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the groups ofsub-system sets form unions between the groups of sub-system setswhereby one or more pieces of equipment are shared between multiple ofthe groups of sub-system sets.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereby thesub-systems of equipment are classified individually as one or more of asource, a sink, and a transport, wherein: the source comprises at leastone resource source; the sink comprises at least one resource sink; thetransport comprises at least one means of resource transport; and thetransport is interposed between the source and the sink, such that thetransport forms a sub-system that is actuated.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the source comprises one or more of but is not limited to:utility generated electricity, site generated electricity, boiler, steamgenerator, gas turbine, gas heater, chiller, heat pump, adsorption heatpump, ground source heat pump, furnace, air conditioner, photovoltaics,solar hot water collector, wind turbine, hydro turbine, liquid or solidthermal storage tanks, mass thermal storage well, thermal electricgenerators, peltier junctions, carnot cycle engines, and water sourcesof irrigation.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the sink comprises oneor more of but is not limited to: buildings, building zones, buildingsurfaces, building surface interlayers, electric batteries, electricloads, outdoor surfaces including snow melt surfaces, irrigationconsuming masses, HVAC system equipment, functional control equipment,lights, motors, liquid thermal storage tanks, solid thermal storagetanks, mass thermal storage, and phase change materials.
 7. The methodof claim 6, wherein the transport comprises one or more of but is notlimited to: pumps, fans, air handlers, dampers, valves, inverters,relays, actuators, linear divers, electromagnets, solenoids, switches,wires, and pipes.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the resourcecomprises one or more of but is not limited to: environmental, liquid,thermal, electrical, and energy resources.
 9. A building automationdevice comprising: a building system equipment graph; a memory; and aprocessor operatively coupled to the memory and configured to executeprogram code stored in the memory to: receive the building systemequipment graph; analyze the building system equipment graph to identifyunique sub-systems of the building system equipment graph having aunique routing path; determine uniquely controllable sub-systems of theunique routing path of the building system equipment graph; classify theidentified unique sub-systems together into sets, labeling the sets; andsave a deconstructed sub-system set graph comprising the labeled sets ofidentified unique sub-systems to the memory.
 10. The building automationdevice of claim 9, wherein the sets are classified as one or more ofsynchronous and asynchronous.
 11. The building automation device ofclaim 9, wherein the sets are labeled with control precedence.
 12. Thebuilding automation device of claim 9, wherein the sets form unionsbetween the sets whereby one or more pieces of equipment are sharedbetween multiple of the sets.
 13. The building automation device ofclaim 9, wherein the deconstructed sub-system set graph comprises staticequipment state information to produce the unique routing path and thesets form unions between the sets whereby one or more pieces ofequipment are shared between multiple of the sets.
 14. A methodcomprising: receiving a first user input to display one or more objectsin a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface enabling auser to add graphic objects representing equipment to a graphicalrepresentation of a building automation system in response to receivingthe first user input; receiving a second user input in the graphicaluser interface, the graphical user interface enabling a user tointerconnect the graphic objects into a system graph in response toreceiving the second user input; using a processor to process the systemgraph, identify one or more sub-systems of the system graph that have aunique routing path and are able to be actuated, and deconstruct thesystem graph into sub-system sets comprising the identified one or moresub-systems of the system graph; and generating a new graph of thesub-system sets deconstructed from the system graph.
 15. The method ofclaim 14, wherein the equipment is classified individually as one ormore of a source, a sink, and a transport, and the source comprises atleast one resource source; the sink comprises at least one resourcesink; the transport comprises at least one means of resource transport;and the transport is interposed between the source and the sink, suchthat the transport forms a sub-system that may be actuated.
 16. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the deconstructed sub-systems aresemantically labeled from one or more of: the graphical user interfacenamespace; the sub-systems source, sink, or transport; or a set of rulesthereof.
 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising: semanticallylabeling and grouping the one or more sub-systems from the sub-systemsets; providing, in the graphical user interface, one or more ofautomated analytics and graphs based on the semantically labeled andgrouped one or more sub-systems from the sub-system sets.
 18. The methodof claim 17, wherein the sub-system sets are classified as one or moreof synchronous and asynchronous.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein thesub-system sets are automatically ranked by one or more of controlprecedence and priority.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein thesub-system sets form unions between the sub-system sets whereby one ormore pieces of equipment are shared between multiple of the sub-systemsets.